The talkorigins web site has a huge collection of articles which address various aspects of the creationism/evolution debate.

There is a lengthy FAQ on the subject of “Evolution and Philosophy”, which touches upon some of the areas you mention, with particular reference to evolution. It discusses the nature of science, the nature of prediction, reductionism, teleology, naturalism, metaphysics, etc. <http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/evolphil.html>

The FAQ was written in 1997, by John Wilkins. John is a philosophy student just now in the final stages of his PhD at the Uni of Melbourne. The subject is “The philosophy of species concepts and classifications”. He has lectured for courses in the History and Philosophy of Science at Melbourne, on Darwinism. John is ideally suited to writing on the subjects of philosophy, and science, and evolution, and has a number of writings available on such matters. <http://www.users.bigpond.com/thewilkins/darwiniana.html> and look for “on-line papers”.

Also of interest is to this group is that John was a theological student, long ago in a past life. He is no longer a Christian, but he remains knowledgable and understanding of Christians. I find his writings to be wise, gentle, and very informative. Also often very funny with most of the humour directed at himself.

Cheers — Chris