*Sightings* 4/5/10

Abundance and Choice

— Martin E. Marty

 ¢â‚¬Å“Easter Monday, ¢â‚¬  Christian clergy call today. Rabbis probably have an
analogous term for their well-earned day or week or fortnight off following
holiday ceremonies. After too much heavy, even sometimes traumatic,
religion news, let ¢â‚¬â„¢s use this *Sightings* for lighter, let ¢â‚¬â„¢s hope nuanced,  ¢â‚¬Å“news. ¢â‚¬  The topic: Choice in Religion*.* It takes off from Evan Goldstein ¢â‚¬â„¢s long article  ¢â‚¬Å“To Choose or Not to Choose ¢â‚¬  in the *Chronicle of Higher Education*, which I commend to you, because it deals with unfinished business on the  ¢â‚¬Å“choice ¢â‚¬  front.

Goldstein portrays Sikh-nurtured, Columbia psychology professor Sheena
Iyengar, who, incidentally, is blind, but who has seen something that many
overlooked and may still question. Her thesis: While we cherish choice in
supermarkets, commodities in general, and even in religious and spiritual
life, an abundance of options does not necessarily yield happiness.  ¢â‚¬Å“In
1949 a typical American supermarket carried 3,750 items. Today that number is close to 45,000. ¢â‚¬  Yet Americans are grumpy. Illustrations of her thesis are abundant in Goldstein ¢â‚¬â„¢s article, so I had to  ¢â‚¬Å“choose ¢â‚¬  which to lift. I passed over many more, unhappily, to get to the religious point, which is relevant here.

Every survey I have seen suggests that choice is an enormous factor in
American religious life today. Sometimes I ask audiences mentally to
recreate great grandmother ¢â‚¬â„¢s world. My four would have gone through life in a Swiss or a German village never meeting someone who was not of their faith. Today choice seems limitless. Citizens can choose to be Buddhists, Zorastrians, Methodists, or Druids. Does choosing make them happy? Here Goldstein cites the debaters over happiness, led by psychologist Martin Seligman, whose controversial findings and proposals also prompt more discussion.

Is there escaping  ¢â‚¬Å“choice ¢â‚¬  in a free society ¢â‚¬â„¢s free market of free religion?
Not really. Next weekend I am speaking at the Presidential Forum at
Indiana ¢â‚¬â„¢s Bethany Seminary, where  ¢â‚¬Å“the social movement of Brethren, Friends, and Mennonites ¢â‚¬  assesses its present and projects its futures. To anyone at a little distance, these groups seem homogeneous and settled. But the  ¢â‚¬Å“Anabaptist ¢â‚¬  yearbook of their  ¢â‚¬Å“tribes ¢â‚¬   ¢â‚¬“ their word  ¢â‚¬“ lists thirteen
different Amish, twenty-four Brethren, four Hutterite, and fifty-seven
Mennonite groups, whose adherents, numbering from 15,000 to 127,000 in
America, are aware of their differences from each other (and, I hope, of
their commonalities). Add various Society of Friends (Quaker) groups and
you get the idea. Choice among these can be alluring and even fateful; some arch-disciplined groups formally  ¢â‚¬Å“shun ¢â‚¬  deviant members while other
Anabaptists are impressively welcoming (I will be hosted by the latter sort
at Bethany).

Fusing Seligman ¢â‚¬â„¢s view of optimism and happiness with her theories about
abundance, Iyengar interviewed six hundred citizens. Her findings confirmed Seligman ¢â‚¬â„¢s shocker:  ¢â‚¬Å“Reform Jews and Unitarians are depressed and pessimistic; Orthodox Jews and Calvinists are bright-eyed, bushy-tailed, and hopeful. The finding was quite uncongenial to everything I believed. ¢â‚¬  Indeed, a few years ago conservative evangelicals advertised findings which revealed that they were more satisfied with their marital sex lives than were liberals. Are pick-and-choose  ¢â‚¬Å“spiritual ¢â‚¬  or liberal religious people so busy choosing that they don ¢â‚¬â„¢t get to have pleasure in their choices? I will not draw conclusions or try to spell out meanings and strategies if Professors Seligman and Iyengar ¢â‚¬â„¢s theses are right. Instead, I will take my own post-Easter  ¢â‚¬Å“week-off ¢â‚¬  and end it enjoying my friends the Anabaptists.

*Reference*

Evan R. Goldstein,  ¢â‚¬Å“To Choose or Not to Choose, ¢â‚¬  *The Chronicle of Higher
Education*, 3 April 2010.
http://chronicle.com/article/The-Choice-Driven-Life-of/64587/.

Martin E. Marty’s biography, current projects, publications, and contact
information can be found at www.illuminos.com.

*Sightings* comes from the Martin Marty Center<http://divinity.uchicago.edu/martycenter/about/>at the University of Chicago Divinity School.

Attribution

Columns may be quoted or republished in full, with attribution to the author of the column, *Sightings*, and the Martin Marty Center at the University of Chicago Divinity School.